情景导入
周一早晨，英语老师问大家："What did you do last weekend? （你们上周末干了什么？）"
小雨举手："I cleaned my room and washed my clothes. （我打扫了房间、洗了衣服。）"
浩浩接着说："I watched a football match and played basketball. （我看了球赛、打了篮球。）"
发现了吗？说过去发生的事，动词都长出了 -ed 尾巴：clean → cleaned，watch → watched。这就是一般过去时——英语时态"三巨头"的最后一位。
核心词汇
规则动词过去式（周末活动类）：
| 原形 | 过去式 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| clean | cleaned | 打扫 |
| wash | washed | 洗 |
| watch | watched | 看（电视等） |
| play | played | 玩、打（球） |
| visit | visited | 拜访 |
| stay | stayed | 停留 |
| cook | cooked | 做饭 |
| listen | listened | 听 |
| study | studied | 学习 |
| live | lived | 居住 |
过去时间信号词（看到它们就想到过去时）：
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday | 昨天 | I cleaned my room yesterday. |
| last weekend | 上周末 | We played football last weekend. |
| last night | 昨晚 | She watched TV last night. |
| last Sunday | 上周日 | They visited grandma last Sunday. |
| two days ago | 两天前 | He washed his bike two days ago. |
句型与语法
什么时候用？——说过去某个时间发生的动作：
- I cleaned my room yesterday. （昨天打扫了房间。）
- We visited the museum last weekend. （上周末参观了博物馆。）
规则动词加 -ed 的四条规则：
| 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 一般直接 + ed | clean → cleaned, play → played |
| 以 e 结尾只 + d | live → lived, like → liked |
| 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i + ed | study → studied, cry → cried |
| 重读闭音节双写末尾字母 + ed | stop → stopped, plan → planned |
否定句和疑问句：请出助手 did
- 否定：I didn't clean my room. （didn't 后动词变回原形！）
- 疑问：Did you clean your room? — Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
- 特殊疑问：What did you do last weekend? — I played football.
大好消息：过去时没有三单变化！He cleaned / I cleaned / They cleaned——所有人称都一样。
听说训练
周末回顾对话（和同伴互相问答）：
- A: What did you do last weekend? （你上周末干了什么？）
- B: I visited my grandparents and helped them clean the house. （我看望了祖父母，帮他们打扫了房子。）
- A: Did you watch TV? （你看电视了吗？）
- B: No, I didn't. I listened to music. （没有，我听了音乐。）
昨天三连说：Yesterday I studied English. I played ping-pong with my friend. I stayed at home in the evening.
辨析对比
- 一般现在时说"经常做"：I clean my room every Saturday.（每周六都打扫）
- 一般过去时说"做过了"：I cleaned my room last Saturday.（上周六打扫了，就这一次）
- 判断钥匙还是时间词：every day / usually → 现在时；yesterday / last... / ...ago → 过去时；
- -ed 的三种读音顺带感受一下：played /d/、washed /t/、visited /ɪd/——跟着录音多读就有语感。
文化角
英语国家的孩子周一到校，同学之间最常见的寒暄就是 "How was your weekend?"（周末过得怎么样？）——回答一般用过去时：It was great! I visited my cousins.
写**英语日记（diary）**是练过去时的最好办法：每天睡前用三句过去时记录当天的事。许多英语老师都说：坚持一个月日记，过去时想错都难！
易错点
- didn't 后动词没变回原形：I didn't cleaned my room. ❌ → I didn't clean my room. ✅（did 已经"背走"了过去式）
- study 的过去式拼错：studyed ❌ → studied ✅（变 y 为 i 加 ed）
- stop 忘双写：stoped ❌ → stopped ✅
- 有过去时间词却用现在时：I play football yesterday. ❌ → I played football yesterday. ✅（看到 yesterday 动词必须变身）
考点
- 规则动词过去式的四条变化规则（用所给词适当形式填空必考）；
- What did you do...? 问答与 Did you...? — Yes, I did. 句式（情景对话高频）；
- didn't + 动词原形（否定句改写高频，专挖"变回原形"的坑）；
- 时间信号词判断时态：yesterday / last weekend / two days ago → 过去时；
- -ed 读音分类：/t/ /d/ /ɪd/（听力语音题偶考）。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 忙碌的周末
I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, I cleaned my room and washed my clothes. In the afternoon, I visited my grandparents. I helped them cook dinner. On Sunday, I studied English and played football with my friends. I was tired but happy!
Part 2 · 妹妹的周末（过去时没有三单，真省心）
My sister stayed at home last weekend. She watched a cartoon in the morning. Then she listened to music and danced in her room. In the evening, she called her best friend. They talked for an hour!
Part 3 · 过去式快读
Clean, cleaned, I cleaned my room. Wash, washed, she washed her shoes. Study, studied, we studied English. Stop, stopped, the bus stopped!
诵读小贴士：Part 1 就是一篇标准的"周末日记"，背下来考试写话直接套用；Part 3 按"原形 → 过去式 → 完整句"节奏读，注意 washed 读 /t/、cleaned 读 /d/、visited 读 /ɪd/。