情景导入
学校要接待来自英国的交换生 Tom，老师请小舟给他写一封电子邮件，介绍杭州并邀请他游览西湖。
小舟犯难了：邮件开头怎么写？"我想邀请你"用英语怎么表达才地道？结尾怎么收？
这正是中考书面表达最爱考的应用文——它不考华丽的辞藻，考的是：格式正确、要点齐全、表达得体。好消息是，应用文有非常固定的"骨架"，把模板练熟，考场上填内容就行。
核心词汇
应用文高频功能表达：
| 功能 | 常用表达 |
|---|---|
| 写信目的 | I'm writing to invite you to... / to tell you about... |
| 发出邀请 | Would you like to...? / I'd like to invite you to... |
| 提出建议 | You'd better... / Why not...? / I suggest that... |
| 表达期待 | I'm looking forward to your reply. |
| 表示感谢 | Thank you for your help. / Thanks a lot. |
| 结尾祝福 | Best wishes. / Good luck with... |
杭州话题储备词：the West Lake（西湖）、Longjing tea（龙井茶）、the Grand Canal（大运河）、the Qiantang River（钱塘江）、Hangzhou Asian Games（杭州亚运会）
句型与结构
通用三段式结构：
- 开头段：自报目的——I'm writing to... （一句话点明写信意图）
- 主体段：展开 3~4 个要点，用连接词串起来（First... / Besides... / What's more...）
- 结尾段：提出希望/期待回复——I hope you can come. I'm looking forward to your reply.
四类常考应用文要点：
| 文体 | 格式要点 | 开头套话 |
|---|---|---|
| 电子邮件/书信 | Dear XX 开头，Yours 落款 | I'm glad to hear from you. |
| 邀请信 | 说明活动时间、地点、内容 | I'd like to invite you to... |
| 建议信 | 建议 + 理由，语气委婉 | I'm sorry to hear that... Here are my suggestions. |
| 通知 | 标题 NOTICE，交代时间地点事项 | May I have your attention, please? |
提分句型升级（同样的意思，换个高级说法）：
- I think → In my opinion / As far as I'm concerned
- very important → of great importance
- 加从句：If you come in autumn, you will see the amazing Qiantang tide.（条件状语从句）
- 加非谓语：Built over 1,000 years ago, the pagoda is still standing.（过去分词作状语）
听说训练
写前口头操练（先说顺再下笔，作文更流畅）：
- I'm writing to invite you to visit Hangzhou. （我写信邀请你来杭州游玩。）
- First, we can ride bikes around the West Lake. （首先，我们可以环西湖骑行。）
- Besides, you shouldn't miss Longjing tea. （另外，你一定不要错过龙井茶。）
- I'm sure you will have a wonderful time. （我相信你会玩得很开心。）
辨析对比
| 中文书信 | 英文书信/邮件 | |
|---|---|---|
| 称呼 | 尊敬的王老师： | Dear Mr. Wang,（逗号，不用冒号） |
| 开头 | 见字如面/展信佳 | I'm glad to hear from you. |
| 结尾 | 此致敬礼 | Yours, / Best wishes, |
| 语气 | 较含蓄客气 | 直接说目的：I'm writing to... |
注意：英文正文第一句就亮出写信目的，不用像中文那样先寒暄很久——这是很多同学"中式英语作文"的根源。
文化角
英文邮件的落款有讲究：给朋友用 Yours, / Love,；给老师或不熟的人用 Yours sincerely,（更正式）。另外，英语文化中收到邀请要明确回复 yes 或 no（RSVP 文化），含糊的"再说吧"会被认为不礼貌——这也是建议信、邀请信结尾总要写 "I'm looking forward to your reply." 的原因。
易错点
- 要点遗漏：题目给了 3 个要点只写了 2 个——动笔前先在题目上给要点编号，写完逐个打勾。
- 时态混乱：介绍计划用将来时（we will visit...），介绍事实用一般现在时（Hangzhou is famous for...），一段之内时态别"漂移"。
- 中式直译：把"欢迎你来杭州"写成 Welcome you to Hangzhou ❌ → Welcome to Hangzhou! 或 You are welcome to visit Hangzhou. ✅
- 字数不够或超时：中考建议 80~100 词、15 分钟内完成；三段式打好腹稿再写，避免涂改。
中考真题
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 计划今年秋天来杭州游玩一周。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
- 推荐 1~2 个游览地点并说明理由；
- 介绍一种杭州特色（美食/茶/文化）；
- 提出一条出行建议。
要求：80~100 词，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
✏️ 点击查看范文与点评
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you're coming to Hangzhou this autumn. I'm writing to share some ideas for your trip.
First, you shouldn't miss the West Lake. You can ride a bike around it and enjoy the beautiful views. Besides, the Grand Canal at night is also worth visiting. Second, Longjing tea is famous all over China. If you try it in a village near the lake, you will love it. Finally, I suggest taking the subway when you travel around the city, because it's fast and cheap.
I'm sure you will have a great time here. I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
点评：① 三段式清晰：目的—要点—期待；② 三个要点全覆盖，用 First / Besides / Finally 串联；③ 亮点句型：if 条件句、suggest doing、be worth doing；④ 共约 100 词，符合要求。
考点
- 杭州中考书面表达分值约 15~20 分，应用文（邮件、邀请、建议、通知）是近年主流命题形式；
- 评分四档标准：内容要点、语法准确、词汇句式丰富度、连贯与格式——要点齐全是底线，句式亮点是上分关键；
- 备考策略：背熟每类应用文的开头/结尾套话 + 准备"杭州介绍"话题语料（本页词汇表），考场直接组装。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 完整范文（邀请信，背熟后可直接套用）
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to hear that you're coming to Hangzhou this autumn. I'm writing to share some ideas for your trip.
First, you shouldn't miss the West Lake. You can ride a bike around it and enjoy the beautiful views. Besides, the Grand Canal at night is also worth visiting. Second, Longjing tea is famous all over China. If you try it in a village near the lake, you will love it. Finally, I suggest taking the subway when you travel around the city, because it's fast and cheap.
I'm sure you will have a great time here. I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
Part 2 · 万能套句快读（考前每天一遍，考场直接组装）
I'm writing to invite you to... / I'm writing to tell you about...
Would you like to come? I'd like to invite you to join us.
First... Besides... What's more... Finally...
You'd better take the subway. Why not visit the West Lake?
In my opinion, it is of great importance.
Thank you for your help. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes!
诵读小贴士：背 Part 1 时留意"骨架"——第一段亮目的、中间段三要点、结尾段表期待；Part 2 的套句读到脱口而出，考场上把题目要点"填"进骨架，15 分钟内就能写完一篇格式漂亮的应用文。