情景导入
模拟考上，小舟翻开作文题就愣住了：没有情景，只有一张表——"某校初三学生周末锻炼时间调查：一小时以上 35%，半小时到一小时 40%，几乎不锻炼 25%"，要求据此写一篇短文。
数据怎么变成句子？35% 怎么读？写完数据然后写什么？
图表作文其实是"三步走"的说明加议论：第一步描述数据（挑重点，不必全报）→ 第二步分析原因（为什么会这样）→ 第三步发表观点（提出建议或看法）。这一讲我们把这三步练成条件反射。
核心词汇
图表作文高频语块：
| 功能 | 常用表达 |
|---|---|
| 引出图表 | The chart/survey shows that...（图表/调查显示……） |
| 报数据 | 35% of the students...（百分之三十五的学生）、more than half（超过一半）、only a quarter（仅四分之一） |
| 比较数据 | while / however（而，然而）、the number of... is larger than...（……的数量多于……） |
| 分析原因 | The main reason is that...（主要原因是……）、This is probably because...（这可能是因为……） |
| 表达观点 | In my opinion... / It is high time that we did sth.（是时候……了） |
句型与结构
结构骨架（三段式）：
- 数据段：一句引出 + 两三句关键数据——A recent survey shows how the Grade 9 students in our school spend their weekends on sports.
- 原因段：解释最突出的数据——The main reason is that many students are busy with their homework.
- 观点段：建议或呼吁——In my opinion, we should make time for sports, because health comes first.
本讲核心句型：
- The chart shows that...（万能开头）：The chart shows that only 25% of the students hardly take exercise.
- 百分比 + of 结构：40% of the students exercise for half an hour to an hour.（注意谓语与 of 后名词一致：40% of the students exercise；40% of the time is...）
- while 表对比：35% exercise for over an hour, while 25% hardly do any sports.（用 while 一句话装下两组数据。）
"数据挑重点"原则：三组数据别平均用力——挑"最大 + 最小"两组重点写，中间数据一笔带过甚至不写，段落立刻有详有略。
提分句型升级：We should do sports. → It is high time that we put down our phones and took exercise.（It is high time 后接过去式，观点段的王牌句）
听说训练
写前口头操练（先说顺再下笔）：
- The survey shows how students spend their weekends. （调查显示了学生们如何度过周末。）
- 35% of the students exercise for more than an hour. （百分之三十五的学生锻炼超过一小时。）
- In my opinion, health always comes first. （在我看来，健康永远第一。）
辨析对比
| 报数机器（低分） | 有详有略（高分） | |
|---|---|---|
| 数据处理 | 三组数据逐条翻译成句 | 挑最大与最小两组，用 while 对比 |
| 段落衔接 | 报完数据直接结束 | 数据后接 The main reason is that... |
| 观点表达 | We should do sports.（一句完事） | 建议 + 理由 + 呼吁，三句成段 |
注意：图表只是"引子"，评分重心在你对数据的分析和观点——只报数不评论，内容档次上不去。
文化角
英语世界把图表统称 charts：柱状图 bar chart、饼图 pie chart、折线图 line graph、表格 table。英文报刊有个传统叫 "Let the data speak"（让数据说话）——观点必须有数据支撑，这正是图表作文的命题初衷。顺带一提：英语百分比读作 percent，永远单数（35 percent，不加 s）；而 percentage 指"比例"这个概念本身——The percentage of young sports fans is rising.
易错点
- 主谓一致踩坑：25% of the students is ❌ → are ✅——谓语跟 of 后面的名词走；the number of... 作主语时谓语用单数。
- 数据全文照搬：把表格逐行翻译，写成"数字流水账"——记住挑重点、做对比、给评论三件套。
- 时态错位：描述图表用一般现在时（The chart shows...），别写成 showed；引用"调查是上月做的"背景时才用过去时。
- 观点段缺失：写完数据就收笔——图表作文的第三段（原因 + 观点）才是拉开档次的部分，宁可数据少写一句，观点不能缺席。
中考真题
你校英语报以"初三学生周末锻炼情况"为题做了一次调查，结果如下：锻炼一小时以上的占 35%；锻炼半小时到一小时的占 40%；几乎不锻炼的占 25%。请根据图表写一篇短文，内容包括：
- 简要描述调查结果；
- 分析"几乎不锻炼"的可能原因；
- 谈谈你的看法或建议。
要求：80~100 词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
✏️ 点击查看范文与点评
Recently, our school English newspaper did a survey on how Grade 9 students take exercise at weekends.
The survey shows that 40% of the students exercise for half an hour to an hour, and 35% exercise for even longer. However, a quarter of the students hardly do any sports. The main reason is that they are busy with homework, and some would rather play with their phones than go out.
In my opinion, health always comes first. It is high time that we put down our phones and went out for sports. Why not run around the West Lake with friends this weekend?
点评：① 三步齐全：数据（详略得当）—原因—观点；② 亮点：however 转折、would rather...than、It is high time 句型；③ 数据表达准确：40% of the students exercise 主谓一致无误；④ 结尾用 Why not 呼吁并融入西湖跑步的杭州元素，收得漂亮。
考点
- 图表作文是近年浙江中考书面表达的新趋势，常考调查主题：锻炼时间、睡眠状况、手机使用、课外阅读；
- 评分关键：数据描述准确且有详略、有原因分析、观点段完整（看法 + 建议）、百分比主谓一致无误；
- 备考策略：背熟"三句框架"——The survey shows that... / The main reason is that... / It is high time that...，任何图表填数即可成文。
诵读 Read Aloud
Recently, our school English newspaper did a survey on how Grade 9 students take exercise at weekends.
The survey shows that 40% of the students exercise for half an hour to an hour, and 35% exercise for even longer. However, a quarter of the students hardly do any sports. The main reason is that they are busy with homework, and some would rather play with their phones than go out.
In my opinion, health always comes first. It is high time that we put down our phones and went out for sports. Why not run around the West Lake with friends this weekend?
诵读小贴士：背诵时给三段各配一个"启动键"——The survey shows that（报数据）、The main reason is that（讲原因）、In my opinion（亮观点）。考场上无论图表内容换成睡眠还是阅读，三个启动键一按，句子自动往外流；数据部分记得"最大最小做对比，中间数据少费笔墨"。