情景导入
九年级 Unit 9 聊的是音乐口味。要说"我喜欢欢快的音乐"很简单：I like happy music.（形容词 happy 修饰 music）。但如果要说"我喜欢能让我跳舞的音乐"呢？这个修饰语太长，一个形容词装不下。
英语的办法是把它变成一个小句子放在名词后面：I like music that can make me dance. 这个 that can make me dance 就是定语从句——它像一条长长的定语，紧贴在被修饰的名词后面。
记住两个关键概念：被修饰的名词叫先行词（music），引导从句的 that / which / who 叫关系词。中文说"能让我跳舞的音乐"（定语在前），英语说 music that…（定语在后），顺序正好相反。
核心词汇
Unit 9 谈音乐与喜好的高频表达：
| 词/短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| prefer | 更喜欢 | I prefer music that is quiet. |
| lyrics | 歌词 | I like songs that have great lyrics. |
| gentle | 轻柔的 | She likes music that is gentle. |
| electronic music | 电子音乐 | I don't like electronic music that is too loud. |
| sing along with / dance to | 跟着唱；随……跳舞 | music that I can dance to |
| remind sb. of | 使某人想起 | a song that reminds me of my childhood |
表达喜好的句型：I prefer / I like / I love + 名词 + that / which / who…
句型与语法
基本结构：
第一步：判断先行词指人还是指物
| 先行词 | 可用关系词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 指物（music, book, film） | that / which | I like music that / which is quiet. |
| 指人（boy, teacher, friend） | that / who | The girl that / who sings well is my sister. |
第二步：判断关系词在从句中作主语还是宾语：作主语时（后面紧跟动词）不能省略——I like songs that have great lyrics.；作宾语时（后面是主语 + 动词）口语中可省略——The song (that) I like best is Jasmine Flower.
只能用 that 的四种常考情况：① 先行词是 all、everything、something、nothing 等不定代词；② 先行词被 the only、the very、the same 修饰；③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰；④ 先行词既有人又有物。例：This is the only book that I have read twice.
主谓一致要点：从句谓语的单复数要和先行词保持一致——I like songs that make me happy.（先行词 songs 是复数）；I like a song that makes me happy.（先行词 a song 是单数）
听说训练
音乐口味大调查（两人一组，用定语从句回答）：A: What kind of music do you like? — B: I like music that I can dance to. A: Who is the singer that you like best? — B: The singer who writes his own lyrics — Jay Chou. A: Do you like songs that are too loud? — B: No, I prefer music that is gentle and quiet.
语音提示：that 在口语中弱读为轻短的音，重音落在从句的实义动词上，如 music that I can dance to.
辨析对比
① that / which / who 速查：指人优先 who，指物优先 which，两者都可用 that；但遇到上面"只能用 that"的四种情况，就不要再用 which 或 who 了。
② 定语从句 vs 宾语从句：定语从句修饰前面的名词（I like music that is quiet. → that 后面缺主语，music 就是它的主语）；宾语从句作动词的宾语（I know that he is quiet. → that 后面是完整句子，不缺成分）。判断口诀：that 前是名词、that 后缺成分，就是定语从句。
③ 关系词不能与代词重复：定语从句里关系词已经充当了成分，不能再加一个代词。The book that I bought it yesterday is interesting. ❌ → The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. ✅
文化角
英语歌名和歌词里到处是定语从句。Adele 的 Someone Like You 里有 someone that I used to know 这样的表达；中国民歌《茉莉花》在英文介绍中常写成 a song that shows the beauty of Jiangnan（一首展现江南之美的歌）。
留意语序差异：中文把长定语放在名词前（"一首展现江南之美的歌"），英语必须放在名词后（a song that shows…）。写作时若照着中文顺序直译，就会写成 shows the beauty of Jiangnan song 这样的错句——先写名词、再接从句，是定语从句的第一条铁律。
易错点
- 指人误用 which：The man which helped me is a doctor. ❌ → The man who / that helped me is a doctor. ✅
- 不定代词后误用 which：Everything which he said is true. ❌ → Everything that he said is true. ✅
- 从句谓语单复数错：I like songs that makes me happy. ❌ → I like songs that make me happy. ✅
- 关系词与代词重复：This is the boy that I met him yesterday. ❌ → 去掉 him ✅
- 忘记先行词在前：I like that can make me dance music. ❌ → I like music that can make me dance. ✅
中考真题
I prefer songs ______ have beautiful lyrics, and I also admire singers ______ write their own music.
A. who; that B. that; who C. which; which D. that; which
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答案：B
解析：第一空的先行词是 songs（歌曲，指物），且关系词在从句中作主语（后面紧跟动词 have），故用 that 或 which，排除 A。第二空的先行词是 singers（歌手，指人），关系词作主语，应用 who 或 that，不能用 which，排除 C、D。
完整句子：I prefer songs that have beautiful lyrics, and I also admire singers who write their own music.
考点
- 定语从句是九年级下学期语法的重点，中考单选、语法填空、句子合并（把两句合成一句）都常考；
- 三大命题点：① 由先行词指人/指物选关系词 ② 只能用 that 的特殊情况 ③ 从句谓语与先行词的主谓一致；
- 两步解题法：先找先行词（关系词前面的名词），再看从句缺什么成分——两步定下来，关系词就唯一了。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 短文：The Music That I Love
I am a student who loves music very much. I prefer songs that have beautiful lyrics, because the words often tell stories that touch my heart. My favourite singer is a young man who writes his own music. The first song that I heard from him still reminds me of the summer when I entered Grade Seven.
My father likes music that is quiet and gentle, but my little brother enjoys the kind of music that you can dance to. He says the only thing that can wake him up in the morning is a loud song. In our family, music is the bridge that connects three different ages.
Part 2 · 句型接力（大声跟读，注意关系词的选择）
I like music that I can dance to. I like songs that have great lyrics. The girl who sings well is my sister. The man that helped me is a teacher. This is the only book that I have read twice. Everything that he said is true.
诵读小贴士：读 Part 1 时用笔画出每一个关系词，并在它前面的先行词上打圈，判断"指人还是指物、作主语还是作宾语"；读 Part 2 时试着把每句拆回两个简单句（I like music. + I can dance to it.），来回合并练熟，句子合并题就不会失分。