情景导入
九年级 Unit 5 讲的是"东西是用什么做的、在哪里做的"。介绍龙井茶时我们会说："茶叶是在杭州种植的，是由手工采摘的。"注意这两句话的共同点：说话人根本没提"谁种、谁采"，因为动作的承受者（茶叶）才是重点。
英语里表达这种意思，要把句子的"主角"换成承受者，动词改成 be + 过去分词：Tea is grown in Hangzhou.（茶叶种植于杭州。）The leaves are picked by hand.（茶叶由手工采摘。）一句话记住核心：主动语态说"谁做了什么"，被动语态说"什么被做了"。
核心词汇
Unit 5-6 高频"被动"表达：
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be made of | 由……制成（看得出原材料） | The chair is made of wood. |
| be made from | 由……制成（看不出原材料） | Paper is made from wood. |
| be made in | 在……地方制造 | The phone is made in China. |
| be made by | 由……（人）制作 | The kite is made by my father. |
| be used for | 被用于…… | Bamboo is used for making baskets. |
| be known for | 因……而闻名 | Hangzhou is known for its tea. |
| be invented by | 由……发明 | The telephone was invented by Bell. |
高频不规则动词过去分词：make → made，grow → grown，take → taken，write → written，build → built，give → given，know → known，send → sent，teach → taught
句型与语法
基本公式：
时态的变化全部体现在 be 上，过去分词永远不变：
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | am / is / are + p.p. | Rice is grown in the south. |
| 一般过去时 | was / were + p.p. | The bridge was built in 1937. |
| 一般将来时 | will be + p.p. | The work will be finished tomorrow. |
| 含情态动词 | can / must / should + be + p.p. | Trees must be planted in spring. |
| 现在完成时 | have / has been + p.p. | The room has been cleaned. |
主动变被动三步走（以 Bell invented the telephone. 为例）：① 原来的宾语提到句首当主语（The telephone …）；② 动词改成 be + p.p.，be 的时态与原句一致、单复数与新主语一致（… was invented …）；③ 原来的主语加 by 放句末，不重要时可省略（… by Bell.）。
否定与疑问：否定在 be 后加 not（The letter wasn't sent yesterday.）；一般疑问把 be 提到句首（Was the letter sent yesterday? — Yes, it was.）；特殊疑问用"疑问词 + be + 主语 + p.p."（When was this bridge built? — In 1937.）
听说训练
家乡物产介绍（两人一组，用被动语态互相问答）：
- A: What is Hangzhou known for? — B: It is known for Longjing tea and the West Lake.
- A: Where is the tea grown? — B: It is grown on the hills near the West Lake. They are picked by hand every spring.
语音提示：be 动词在口语中常弱读，如 It's made in China. 朗读时重音落在过去分词 made 上。
辨析对比
① be made of / from / in / by：of 表示看得出原材料（The desk is made of wood.）；from 表示看不出原材料（Wine is made from grapes.）；in 表示产地（These shoes are made in Wenzhou.）；by 表示制作者（This cake is made by my mother.）
② 主动 vs 被动
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 | |
|---|---|---|
| 主语身份 | 动作执行者 | 动作承受者 |
| 例句 | Farmers grow tea here. | Tea is grown here. |
| 使用场合 | 强调谁做的 | 执行者不明或不重要 |
③ 不能用被动的情况：happen（发生）、take place（举行）、appear（出现）等不及物动词没有被动语态。The accident was happened last night. ❌ → The accident happened last night. ✅
文化角
英文说明书、新闻和科普文章特别爱用被动语态，因为它显得客观、正式。产品标签上的 Made in China，其实就是 It is made in China. 的省略；实验报告里也常写 The water was heated to 100℃.（把水加热到 100 摄氏度）。而中文习惯说"我们把水加热到 100 度"，喜欢把人放在前面。了解这种差异，翻译时就不会一见"被"字才想到被动——中文里"这本书写于 1980 年"同样要译成被动的 The book was written in 1980.
易错点
- 漏掉 be 动词：The homework finished. ❌ → The homework was finished. ✅
- 过去分词写成过去式：It was write in 1990. ❌ → It was written in 1990. ✅
- be 与新主语不一致：The books is sold here. ❌ → The books are sold here. ✅
- 不及物动词乱用被动：What was happened? ❌ → What happened? ✅；情态动词后也别忘记 be：Trees must be planted in spring. ✅
中考真题
The Qiantang River Bridge ______ by Mao Yisheng, a great Chinese engineer, in 1937.
A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：D
解析：先看主语 The Qiantang River Bridge（钱塘江大桥），它是"被设计"的对象，而 by 后面才是设计者，所以句子必须用被动语态，排除 A、B。再看时间状语 in 1937，是明确的过去时间，被动语态的 be 要用过去式 was，故选 D。
完整句子：The Qiantang River Bridge was designed by Mao Yisheng in 1937.
考点
- 被动语态是九年级语法的第一大考点，单选、语法填空、完成句子都高频出现；
- 三大命题点：① 由主语判断"主动还是被动" ② 由时间状语确定 be 的时态 ③ be made of/from/in/by 的搭配辨析；
- 提分口诀：先看主语是不是承受者，再看时间定 be，最后检查过去分词。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 短文：How Longjing Tea Is Made
Longjing tea is grown on the green hills near the West Lake in Hangzhou. Every spring, the young leaves are picked by hand, and only the best ones are chosen. Then they are dried in a hot pan for about half an hour. No machine is used in this step, because the tea is believed to taste better when it is made by experienced hands. Today Longjing tea is sold all over the world, and Hangzhou is known for it. When the tea was first grown here hundreds of years ago, few people knew its name. Now it is loved by people from many countries.
Part 2 · 句型接力（大声跟读，注意 be 的变化）
Paper is made from wood. The desk is made of wood. These shoes are made in Wenzhou. This cake is made by my mother. The bridge was built in 1937. The homework will be finished tonight. Trees must be planted in spring. The room has been cleaned already.
诵读小贴士：读 Part 1 时用笔圈出每一个 be + 过去分词并判断时态；读 Part 2 时逐句变回主动语态说一遍（Paper is made from wood. → People make paper from wood.），来回转换练熟了，中考的被动语态题就稳了。