情景导入
音乐课上老师让大家介绍自己的歌单，同学们的回答一句比一句精彩。小林说：I like music that I can dance to.（我喜欢可以随之跳舞的音乐。）小周说：I prefer singers who write their own songs.（我更喜欢自己作曲的歌手。）你补了一句：I love films which make me think.（我爱那些让我思考的电影。）
三句话的秘密都在名词后面那半句：that I can dance to、who write their own songs、which make me think——它们各自紧跟在 music、singers、films 后面，作用是修饰前面的名词，就像给名词加了一个"说明牌"。这样的句子叫定语从句，被修饰的名词叫先行词。
核心词汇
音乐与电影话题核心词汇：
| 单词/短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| prefer | v. 更喜欢 | I prefer music that is quiet. |
| prefer A to B | 喜欢 A 多于 B | I prefer pop music to rock. |
| dance to | 随着（音乐）跳舞 | This is a song we can dance to. |
| sing along with | 跟着一起唱 | I like songs I can sing along with. |
| lyrics | n. 歌词 | The lyrics are easy to remember. |
| remind sb. of | 使某人想起 | The song reminds me of my childhood. |
| suppose | v. 认为，猜想 | I suppose that film is worth seeing. |
句型与语法
① 结构： ——定语从句永远放在被修饰的名词后面，不能提到前面。
② 关系代词怎么选
| 先行词 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 物 | that / which | I like music that / which is quiet. |
| 人 | that / who | He is a singer that / who writes his own songs. |
| 人（作宾语） | that / who / whom | The teacher (who) we love teaches English. |
③ 关系代词作宾语时可以省略：This is the song (that) I like best.（that 作 like 的宾语，可省）；但作主语时不能省：I like singers who are honest.
④ 本单元招牌句型：介词留在句末
- I like music that I can dance to.（dance to music → 从句中 to 的宾语被提前，to 留在末尾）These are the songs that I can sing along with.
- 判断方法：把从句还原成完整句子，看动词后面本来带什么介词——dance to music、sing along with a song、listen to music。高频搭配 the one(s) that：I prefer the one that has a great beat.（单数）/ I like the ones that are made in China.（复数）
听说训练
歌单与影单互访（同桌轮流问答，答句必须带定语从句）：
- A: What kind of music do you like? — B: I like music that has great lyrics, and I prefer singers who can play the guitar. / A: What kind of movies do you prefer? — B: I prefer films that are based on true stories, because they remind me of real life.
跟读要点：that 在从句中常弱读成 /ðət/；句末的介词 to、with 要读轻但不能省，music that I can dance to 的 to 读 /tə/。
辨析对比
① who、which、that 的分工
| 关系代词 | 修饰对象 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| who | 人 | 可作主语或宾语 |
| which | 物 | 可作主语或宾语 |
| that | 人或物 | 万能选手，考试首选 |
② 只能用 that 的常见情况：先行词是 all、everything、something、the only、the first 或被形容词最高级修饰时，只用 that——This is the most moving film that I have ever seen.
③ 从句谓语与先行词一致：I like the song that is popular.（先行词单数用 is）/ I like the songs that are popular.（先行词复数用 are）——这是中考的隐形陷阱。
文化角
音乐是最没有国界的语言。中国的古筝、二胡与西方的吉他、小提琴都能讲故事；而在英语世界，人们介绍歌曲时几乎句句离不开定语从句：It's a song that always makes me smile. 杭州的音乐记忆也很具体：西湖边的音乐喷泉、大剧院里的交响音乐会、亚运会开幕式上那首唱着江南的歌——都可以用一句英文概括：Hangzhou is a city that sings its own story. 试着用这种句式介绍你最喜欢的一首中文歌吧。
易错点
- 先行词是人却用 which：He is the singer which won the prize. ❌ → who / that ✅
- 句末介词丢掉：I like music that I can dance. ❌ → dance to ✅
- 从句多加一个宾语：This is the book that I bought it yesterday. ❌ → 去掉 it（that 已代替宾语）✅
- 最高级后用 which：It's the best film which I have seen. ❌ → 用 that ✅
中考真题
— Which song will you sing at the graduation party?
— I'll choose the one ______ can remind us of our three years together.
A. who B. what C. that D. whom
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：C
解析：先行词是 the one，在这里指"歌曲"（物），从句中 ______ can remind us... 缺主语，因此要用能指物且作主语的关系代词 that（也可用 which）；A 项 who 只能指人，B 项 what 不能引导定语从句，D 项 whom 只指人且作宾语。技巧：先判断先行词是人还是物，再看从句缺主语还是缺宾语。
考点
- 定语从句是九年级最重要的语法之一，单选、语法填空、句子合并（把两句变一句）都常考；
- 三步解题法：① 找先行词（人还是物）② 看从句缺什么成分（主语还是宾语）③ 选关系代词，物用 that/which、人用 that/who；
- 必背特例：先行词含 the only、the first、最高级、all、everything 时只用 that；写作提分：介绍人物、地点、爱好时插入一句定语从句，如 Hangzhou is a city that I will never forget.
诵读 Read Aloud
I am the kind of person who cannot study without music. My favourite kind is the music that has both a strong beat and beautiful lyrics, because it is the music that I can dance to when I feel tired.
My mother prefers the songs that she listened to when she was young. She often plays an old cassette that my grandfather gave her. It is the only tape that our family still keeps, and every time she plays it, she remembers the small town where she grew up.
Last spring our class held a concert in the school hall. The song that we chose was about the West Lake in the rain. My best friend, who plays the guitar well, played for us, and the students who sat in the front row sang along with us. It was the happiest evening that I have ever had at school. Music is a bridge that joins people who may never speak the same language.
诵读小贴士：文中每个定语从句都是一道小练习——先划出先行词，再判断关系代词作主语还是宾语。留意 the only tape that、the happiest evening that 这两处只能用 that 的情况，考场上照搬就能得分。