情景导入
体育课后你换衣服，无意间看到领标上的几行小字：100% cotton, Made in China。同桌好奇地问：What is your shirt made of?（你的衬衫是什么做的？）你答：It's made of cotton.（棉做的。）他又问：Where was it made?（它在哪儿生产的？）——It was made in Hangzhou.
注意这三句话的共同点：主语都是"衣服"这个被动作的承受者，动词都长成 be + 过去分词 的样子。这就是被动语态：当我们更关心"事情被怎样处理"而不是"谁做的"时，就用它。从丝绸、龙井茶到新能源汽车，中国制造的故事都要靠被动语态来讲。
核心词汇
产品与制造话题核心词汇：
| 单词/短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be made of | 由……制成（看得出原材料） | The chair is made of wood. |
| be made from | 由……制成（看不出原材料） | Paper is made from wood. |
| be made in | 在……生产 | These toys are made in Zhejiang. |
| be made by | 由……制作 | The kite was made by my grandpa. |
| product | n. 产品 | Chinese products sell well abroad. |
| material | n. 材料 | Silk is a soft material. |
| be known for | 以……闻名 | Hangzhou is known for its silk and tea. |
| process | v. 加工 n. 过程 | The tea leaves are processed by hand. |
句型与语法
① 基本构成： ——be 的形式随时态和主语变化，过去分词不变。
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | am / is / are + p.p. | These shirts are made in China. |
| 一般过去时 | was / were + p.p. | The bridge was built in 2010. |
| 一般将来时 | will be + p.p. | A new school will be built here. |
| 含情态动词 | can / must + be + p.p. | Waste paper can be recycled. |
② 主动变被动三步走：主动 People grow tea in Hangzhou. → ① 宾语 tea 提前作主语 ② 动词变 be + p.p.（are grown）③ 原主语加 by 或省略 → Tea is grown in Hangzhou (by people).
③ 四个 made 搭配辨析（本单元必考）：be made of 强调材料看得出（The desk is made of wood.）；be made from 强调材料已改变、看不出（Wine is made from grapes.）；be made in 接地点（It is made in Hangzhou.）；be made by 接人（It was made by hand / by workers.）。
④ 疑问与否定：疑问句把 be 提前——Was the tea picked by hand? 否定句在 be 后加 not——The car wasn't made in Germany.
听说训练
产品介绍小组活动（拿身边的物品互相问答）：
- A: What is this fan made of? — B: It's made of bamboo and paper, and it was made by hand in Hangzhou. / A: Do you know what Longjing tea is famous for? — B: Yes. It is grown near the West Lake and it is processed by hand.
跟读要点：made of 中的 d 与 of 连读成 /meɪdəv/；被动语态里的 be 常弱读，但过去分词一定要读清尾音（made、grown、built）。
辨析对比
① of 与 from
| 搭配 | 判断标准 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be made of | 成品仍看得出原料 | The bag is made of silk. |
| be made from | 原料已改变形态 | Butter is made from milk. |
② 主动 vs 被动：Workers produce these cars in Hangzhou.（主动，主语是动作发出者）→ These cars are produced in Hangzhou.（被动，主语是承受者）——判断口诀：主语"做"用主动，主语"被做"用被动。
③ 不能用被动的动词：happen、take place、appear、belong to 等没有被动语态。The accident happened yesterday. ✅ / was happened ❌
文化角
过去 Made in China 常被当成"便宜"的代名词，如今它的含义正在变化：高铁、手机、新能源汽车让世界重新认识中国制造，人们开始说 Created in China（中国创造）。杭州正是这个故事里的一页：宋代起这里的丝绸就沿丝绸之路远行，西湖龙井至今仍由茶农手工采摘炒制，而如今余杭、滨江的工厂里生产的电子产品被运往世界各地。介绍家乡时可以这样说：Hangzhou is known for its silk, and the best Longjing tea is still picked by hand every spring.
易错点
- 漏掉 be：The shirt made in China. ❌ → The shirt is made in China. ✅
- 用动词原形代替过去分词：It is make of wood. ❌ → is made of wood ✅
- of / from 混用：Paper is made of wood. ❌ → made from wood ✅（木头已看不出）
- be 的形式与主语不一致：These cars is made in Hangzhou. ❌ → are made ✅；不及物动词不能用被动：What was happened to him? ❌ → What happened to him? ✅
中考真题
The West Lake silk umbrellas ______ of silk and bamboo, and they ______ by hand every year.
A. are made; are still made B. are made; still make C. make; are made D. are making; are made
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：A
解析：两个空的主语 umbrellas 都是动作的承受者（伞被制造），所以都必须用被动语态 be + p.p.，据此排除 B（still make 主动）、C（make 主动）、D（are making 主动进行）。
再看搭配：材料看得出用 be made of silk and bamboo；every year 表示经常性动作，用一般现在时的被动 are still made by hand。完整句：The West Lake silk umbrellas are made of silk and bamboo, and they are still made by hand every year.
考点
- 被动语态是中考语法的三大支柱之一（另两个是时态和从句），单选、语法填空、句型转换必有；
- 两步判断法：先看主语是"做"还是"被做"，再看时态定 be 的形式，最后确认动词用过去分词；
- be made of / from / in / by 四个搭配是本单元的送分题，务必背牢；书面表达介绍家乡产品时用一句被动语态，语言层次立刻提升。
诵读 Read Aloud
Last week our class visited a silk factory in Hangzhou. Before the visit, I only knew that silk was soft and expensive. Now I know how it is made.
The guide told us that silk is made from the thread of silkworms. The thread is first collected, then it is cleaned and dyed in bright colours. After that, it is woven into cloth by big machines. Some famous silk umbrellas are still made by hand, because machines cannot draw the flowers on them.
We were also shown a small tea garden nearby. West Lake Longjing tea is grown on the hills and it is picked by hand every spring. The best leaves are processed on the same day, so that the fresh smell is kept.
On the bus home, I looked at the label of my own shirt. It said "Made in China". I used to think those words meant nothing special. Now I believe they are written with the hands of millions of people.
诵读小贴士：全文有十多处被动语态，背诵时逐句问自己两个问题——be 用了什么形式？过去分词对不对？读到 is made from / is picked by hand 时特别放慢，这些正是考场上的高频搭配。