情景导入
开学第一次班会，班主任在黑板上写下一个问题：How do you study English? 三位同学的回答很不一样。
小林说：I learn new words by reading English magazines.（我靠读英文杂志记单词。）小周说：I improve my listening by watching English movies.（我靠看英文电影提高听力。）同桌小陈挠挠头：I'm afraid of speaking in class.（我不敢在课堂上开口。）
三句话里藏着本单元的两把钥匙：by + doing 说方法，be afraid of / have trouble in + doing 说困难。初三一年，谁先说清"我是怎么学的"，谁就先掌握了主动。
核心词汇
学习方法话题核心词汇：
| 单词/短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| pronunciation | n. 发音 | Reading aloud improves my pronunciation. |
| pronounce | v. 发音 | I don't know how to pronounce this word. |
| memorize | v. 记住，背诵 | I memorize new words by making word cards. |
| grammar | n. 语法 | Grammar is not as hard as you think. |
| ability | n. 能力 | Everyone has the ability to learn well. |
| take notes | 做笔记 | She takes notes in every class. |
| pay attention to | 注意 | Pay attention to the teacher's pronunciation. |
| have trouble in doing | 做某事有困难 | I have trouble in remembering long words. |
| make word cards | 制作单词卡片 | Making word cards is a useful way. |
句型与语法
① by + doing：靠做某事（表方式，最核心句型）
- I learn English by listening to tapes.（我靠听录音学英语。）She practices speaking by talking with her friends.（她靠和朋友聊天练口语。）
- by 是介词，后面必须跟动名词（-ing 形式），不能跟动词原形：by read ❌ → by reading ✅
- 用 how 提问方式：How do you study for a test? — I study by working with friends.
② 表示困难与情绪的固定搭配（后面同样跟 doing）
- be afraid of doing：I'm afraid of asking questions in class.／have trouble in doing：I have trouble in understanding fast speech.／be good at doing：He is good at remembering words.记忆口诀：介词后面动名词，of / in / at / by 全都一样。
③ It's + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.：做某事是……的
- It's necessary to review your notes.（复习笔记很必要。）It's difficult for me to learn grammar rules.（学语法规则对我来说很难。）
听说训练
学习方法调查（两人一组，轮流问答）：
- A: How do you learn new words? — B: I learn them by making word cards and reviewing them every morning. / A: Do you have trouble in speaking English? — B: Yes, a little. But I practice by joining our school's English corner.
跟读要点：by 后面的 -ing 要连读顺畅，如 by reading 读成 /baɪ ˈriːdɪŋ/；pronunciation 重音在第四个音节 /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/，别读成 pronounce 的样子。
辨析对比
① by doing vs with + 工具
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| by + doing | 靠做某事（方式） | I study by asking questions. |
| with + 名词 | 用某工具（工具） | I write with a pencil. |
② pronunciation vs pronounce：pronunciation 是名词（My pronunciation has improved.），pronounce 是动词（Can you pronounce this word?）。
③ too...to / so...that：The speech was too fast to understand. = The speech was so fast that I couldn't understand it.
文化角
英语国家的老师常把一句话挂在嘴边：Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧。）他们更看重"学习策略"（learning strategies），课堂上会专门教学生做思维导图（mind map）、写学习日志（learning journal）。在杭州，很多学校的英语角、图书馆英文借阅区、社区的 English Corner 都是免费的练习场。方法从来不神秘——Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.（世上无难事，只要肯用心。）中外说法不同，道理相同。
易错点
- by 后面用原形：I learn words by read books. ❌ → by reading books. ✅
- afraid 搭配错：I'm afraid to speaking. ❌ → be afraid of speaking / be afraid to speak ✅（of 跟 doing，to 跟原形）
- have trouble 后加原形：I have trouble remember words. ❌ → have trouble (in) remembering ✅
- 名词动词混用：My pronounce is poor. ❌ → My pronunciation is poor. ✅；问方式要用 how：What do you study English? ❌ → How do you study English? ✅
中考真题
— I still have trouble ______ long English sentences. What should I do?
— Try to read them aloud. You can also improve your reading ______ making notes.
A. understanding; by B. to understand; with C. understanding; with D. understand; by
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：A
解析：第一空考固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难），in 常省略，但动词必须用动名词 understanding，排除 B、D；第二空考"方式"：improve your reading by making notes（靠做笔记提高阅读），表方式用 by 而不是表工具的 with，排除 C。
考点
- 本单元语法核心是 by + doing 表方式，单选、语法填空、句子翻译三种题型都爱考；
- 动名词高频搭配打包记：be good at / be afraid of / have trouble in / instead of / thank you for + doing；
- 书面表达常见题目"我的英语学习方法（How I learn English）"：用 by doing 铺三条方法，再用 It's important to... 收尾，结构清晰即得分。
诵读 Read Aloud
Two years ago, English was my weakest subject. I had trouble understanding the teacher, and I was afraid of speaking in class. Then I decided to change. First, I began to learn new words by making word cards. I put five cards in my pocket every morning and reviewed them on the bus. Second, I improved my listening by watching short English videos before dinner. Third, I practiced speaking by joining the English corner at our school gate every Friday afternoon.
Of course, I still make mistakes. But my teacher told me that mistakes only show us where to go next. Now I can read a whole English story by myself, and I even helped my classmate with her pronunciation last week. Learning is not about being clever. It is about finding the right way and keeping on. Practice makes perfect, and I believe every one of us has the ability to become a good learner.
诵读小贴士：背诵时用笔圈出全部 by + doing 和 of / in + doing 结构，一共八处以上——这些正是中考写作的现成骨架。三条方法按 First / Second / Third 排列，考场上照搬这个框架就能拿到结构分。