情景导入
老师问：昨晚八点暴雨突然来袭，你当时在做什么？小明说："我正在做作业。"——他强调的不是"做没做"，而是"那一刻正在进行"这个画面。英语里这正是过去进行时的用武之地：I was doing my homework at eight last night.
对比一下：I did my homework last night.（一般过去时，只说明做过，不强调"正在做"。）一句话记住核心：过去进行时 = 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。它像一台摄像机，把过去的某个瞬间"定格回放"。
核心词汇
| 信号词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| at eight last night | 昨晚八点（过去具体时刻） | I was reading at eight last night. |
| at that time / at that moment | 在那时 | She was cooking at that time. |
| when + 一般过去时 | 当……时（短动作插入） | I was sleeping when the phone rang. |
| while + 过去进行时 | 在……期间（长动作） | While I was walking, it began to rain. |
高频 -ing 拼写：shop → shopping（双写 p）、swim → swimming（双写 m）、write → writing（去 e）、lie → lying（ie 变 y）、study → studying（直接加 ing）
句型与语法
- I / He / She / It + was doing；You / We / They + were doing
- 否定：was/were + not + doing → They weren't listening.
- 疑问：Was/Were 提前 → What were you doing at nine? — I was taking a shower.
用法一：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
- I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.（昨晚八点我正在做作业。）They were playing basketball at that time.（那时他们正在打篮球。）
用法二：when 与 while 引导的时间状语从句（中考核心）
| 连词 | 后接动作类型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| when | 短暂动作 + 一般过去时 | I was reading when the phone rang. |
| while | 延续动作 + 过去进行时 | While I was reading, the phone rang. |
口诀：when 接"短动作"，while 接"长动作"；长动作用进行时当背景，短动作用过去时来插入。两个长动作同时进行也用 while：While my mother was cooking, I was setting the table.
听说训练
- What were you doing at nine last night? — I was watching TV with my family.
- What were you doing when the rainstorm came? — I was waiting for the bus.
- Were you sleeping when I called you? — No, I wasn't. I was taking a shower.
跟读强化：-ing 的尾音 /ŋ/ 要到位，不要读成 /n/：sleeping、raining、waiting。
辨析对比
① 过去进行时 vs 一般过去时
| 过去进行时 | 一般过去时 | |
|---|---|---|
| 关注点 | 某一刻"正在进行"的画面 | 动作发生过、已完成 |
| 例句 | I was writing a letter at 7:00. | I wrote a letter yesterday. |
② when vs while
- when + 短暂动作：I was sleeping when the alarm went off.（when 后是"响了"这一瞬间）
- while + 延续动作：While we were having dinner, someone knocked at the door.（while 后只能接延续性动作，不能说 While the phone rang ❌）
文化角
英语新闻和故事最爱用过去进行时"铺背景"：The sun was shining and the birds were singing when our story began.（故事开始时，阳光正好，鸟儿在歌唱。）先用进行时描绘场景，再用一般过去时讲事件——这是英文写作里经典的"背景 + 事件"叙事法，作文里用上一句立刻加分。
易错点
- was/were 搭配错：They was playing games. ❌ → They were playing games. ✅
- while 后接短暂动作：While the phone rang, I was cooking. ❌ → When the phone rang, I was cooking. ✅
- -ing 拼写错误：swiming ❌ → swimming ✅；writeing ❌ → writing ✅
中考真题
— What were you doing when the heavy rain came yesterday afternoon?
— I ______ for the bus outside the school gate.
A. wait B. waited C. am waiting D. was waiting
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：D
解析：问句 "What were you doing when..." 已限定语境——过去某一时刻（暴雨来时）正在进行的动作，答句应保持过去进行时。A 是动词原形；B 只说"等了"，不体现"正在等"；C 是现在进行时，与过去时间矛盾，均排除。完整句子：I was waiting for the bus outside the school gate.
考点
- 中考单选、语法填空高频考点，常与一般过去时放在一起对比命题；
- 三大命题点：① 过去具体时刻（at eight last night）判断时态 ② when/while 后接短动作还是长动作 ③ was/were 与主语的一致性；
- 写作加分：叙事作文开头用 "I was walking home when it suddenly began to rain." 立刻让文章有画面感。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 对话（分角色朗读）
A: What were you doing when the rainstorm came last night?
B: I was helping my mom in the kitchen. While she was cooking, I was washing the vegetables.
Part 2 · 短文：The Rainstorm（体会"背景 + 事件"写法）
At eight o'clock last night, the rainstorm hit our city. At that time, my father was reading a newspaper, and my mother was making soup in the kitchen. I was doing my homework in my room. Suddenly, the wind began to blow hard, and the lights went out. While we were looking for candles, my little sister was sleeping like a baby. When the rain finally stopped, the whole family was sitting around the table, talking and laughing in the candlelight.