情景导入
周六上午，妈妈在客厅喊：Could you please clean your room?（你能收拾一下房间吗？）
你正打游戏，想争取时间：Could I at least finish this game first?（我能先打完这局吗？）妈妈：No, you can't. Grandma is coming at noon.（不行，奶奶中午要来。）
注意这两个 could：Could you...? 是请别人做事，Could I...? 是请求自己获得许可。这里的 could 不表示过去，而是比 can 更委婉、更礼貌。
核心词汇
家务活高频短语：
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| do the dishes | 洗餐具 | I do the dishes after dinner every day. |
| sweep the floor | 扫地 | Could you please sweep the floor? |
| take out the rubbish | 倒垃圾 | It's your turn to take out the rubbish. |
| make the bed | 整理床铺 | She makes her bed as soon as she gets up. |
| fold the clothes | 叠衣服 | Please help me fold the clothes. |
| do the laundry | 洗衣服 | Mom does the laundry on weekends. |
其他重点词：chore（家务杂事）、stress（压力）、waste（浪费）、depend on（依赖）、develop（培养）、fairness（公平）、as a result（结果）
句型与语法
① Could you please + 动词原形...?（请求别人做事）
- Could you please take out the rubbish? — Sure. / Sorry, I can't. I'm doing my homework.
- 否定请求加 not：Could you please not play the music so loud?（请别把音乐放那么响。）
② Could I + 动词原形...?（请求许可）
- Could I borrow your bike? — Yes, of course. / Sorry, but I need it now.
- 肯定回答常用 Sure. / Certainly. / No problem. 委婉拒绝要给理由：Sorry, but... / I'm afraid not, because...
③ 关键点：这里的 could 不是过去式
could 只是让语气更客气，回答时用 can：— Could I go out for dinner with friends? — Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
④ make sb. do sth.（使役动词）：My parents make me do chores every week.（make 后接不带 to 的动词原形。）
听说训练
家庭对话操练（模拟周末场景）：
- A: Could you please help me with the housework? — B: Sure, Mom. What can I do?
- A: Could you fold the clothes and do the dishes? — B: No problem.
- B: Could I watch TV after that? — A: Yes, you can, but only for an hour.
跟读要点：Could you 常连读成 /ˈkʊdʒu/（"库橘"）；please 放句中比放句末更自然。
辨析对比
① Could you...? vs Could I...?
| 句型 | 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Could you please...? | 请求对方做事 | Could you please pass me the salt? |
| Could I...? | 请求自己被允许 | Could I use your computer? |
② borrow / lend
- borrow（借入）：Could I borrow your dictionary?（我能借你的词典吗？）
- lend（借出）：Could you lend me your dictionary?
- 口诀：borrow 拿进来，lend 借出去——主语不同，方向相反，意思相同。
文化角
英美家庭普遍让孩子从小做家务换取 allowance（零花钱），比如修剪草坪、遛狗。而课本里 Ms. Miller 的信也提出另一种观点：孩子的任务是学习。这场"该不该做家务"的辩论正是本单元阅读的主线——中考作文也常让你就此发表看法，两边的理由都要会写。
易错点
- could 的回答用错：— Could I go now? — Yes, you could. ❌ → Yes, you can. ✅
- 否定请求语序：Could you please don't smoke? ❌ → Could you please not smoke? ✅
- borrow/lend 反了：Could you borrow me a pen? ❌ → Could you lend me a pen? ✅
- make sb. to do：Mom makes me to clean the room. ❌ → Mom makes me clean the room. ✅
中考真题
— Could you please ______ the rubbish, Tony? It smells terrible.
— OK, Mom. I'll do it right away.
A. take out B. taking out C. to take out D. took out
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：A
解析：Could you please 后必须接动词原形，直接锁定 A。B 是动名词、C 是不定式、D 是过去式，都不符合"情态动词 + 动词原形"的规则。记住公式：Could you please + do；答语 I'll do it right away 也印证了这是礼貌请求场景。
考点
- 情景交际题必考：Could you...? / Could I...? 的恰当应答（同意、拒绝加理由）；
- 单选高频：could 后接动词原形、否定请求 please not do、borrow/lend 方向辨析；
- 书面表达常考"该不该让中学生做家务"议论文，正反理由各背两条即可从容应对。
诵读 Read Aloud
In my family, everyone does chores. I make my bed every morning and take out the rubbish after dinner. On weekends, I help my mom do the dishes and sweep the floor. Some students think doing chores is a waste of time, because they are busy with their studies. However, I don't agree. Doing chores helps us learn to take care of ourselves. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. Besides, sharing housework shows that we care about our parents. They work hard all day, so it is not fair to depend on them for everything.
诵读小贴士：这段短文正是中考议论文的标准结构——现象、反方观点、however 转折、两条理由。背熟后把 chores 换成任何话题都能套用。