情景导入
周末你想给爸妈做一杯香蕉奶昔，打开英文菜谱，第一句就是：
How do you make a banana milk shake?（香蕉奶昔怎么做？）
First, peel the bananas. Next, cut up the bananas. Then put them into the blender. Finally, pour the milk shake into a glass.（先剥皮，接着切块，然后放进搅拌机，最后倒进杯子。）四个"顺序词"把步骤串得明明白白。本单元我们学习描述流程的表达，还要弄清 how much 和 how many 这对"数量双胞胎"。
核心词汇
| 单词/短语 | 词性 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| shake | n./v. | 奶昔；摇动 | a banana milk shake |
| blender | n. | 搅拌机 | Turn on the blender. |
| peel | v. | 剥皮 | Peel the bananas first. |
| pour | v. | 倒，灌 | Pour the milk into the blender. |
| cut up | 短语 | 切碎 | Cut up the apples. |
| add...to... | 短语 | 把……加入…… | Add some honey to the tea. |
| turn on | 短语 | 打开（电器） | Turn on the machine. |
句型与语法
语法点一：用祈使句 + 顺序词描述流程
祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语 you：
- First, wash the strawberries. （首先，洗草莓。）
- Next, cut them up. （接着，切碎。）
- Finally, drink the smoothie! （最后，喝掉它！）
语法点二：可数名词与不可数名词
| 类型 | 例词 | 提问用 |
|---|---|---|
| 可数名词 | banana(s), apple(s), tomato(es) | how many |
| 不可数名词 | milk, yogurt, honey, salt, sugar | how much |
- How many bananas do we need? — Three bananas.
- How much yogurt do we need? — One cup of yogurt.
语法点三：不可数名词的计量
不可数名词用"计量单位 + of"表数量：a cup of tea、two spoons of sugar、a piece of bread、a bowl of rice——单位可变复数，名词本身不变。
听说训练
小厨师直播间（一人说步骤，一人按指令"表演"做奶昔）：
- How do you make a milk shake? — First, peel three bananas and cut them up.
- How much milk do we need? — About two cups. Pour it in, turn on the blender, and finally pour the milk shake into glasses. Enjoy!
跟读要点：cut up、mix up、turn on 这类"动词 + 副词"短语重音在副词上；finally 有四个音节 /ˈfaɪnəli/，别吞音。
辨析对比
① how much vs how many
- how many + 可数名词复数：How many apples do we need?
- how much + 不可数名词：How much sugar do we need?
- how much 还能问价格：How much is the milk?
② 代词指代与位置
- cut up 这类短语接代词时，代词放中间：cut them up ✅，不能说 cut up them ❌。
- 接名词时前后皆可：cut up the bananas / cut the bananas up。
文化角
感恩节（Thanksgiving Day）是美国的传统节日，传统主菜是烤火鸡（turkey），制作流程和我们的菜谱一样讲究步骤：first 塞入调料，then 高温烤制几个小时，finally 配上蔓越莓酱端上桌。而在杭州，逢年过节的传统美食是东坡肉和定胜糕——下次不妨试着用这四个顺序词向外国朋友介绍它们的做法。
易错点
- how much 接可数复数：How much bananas...? ❌ → How many bananas...? ✅
- 代词位置错误：Please cut up it. ❌ → Please cut it up. ✅
- 不可数名词加复数：two milks ❌ → two cups of milk ✅
中考真题
— ______ yogurt do we need to make the fruit salad?
— One cup is enough. And we also need two apples and some honey.
A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：B
解析：本题考查 how much 与 how many 的区别。yogurt（酸奶）是不可数名词，询问数量要用 how much，故选 B。
A 项 how many 只能接可数名词复数；C 项问频率、D 项问时长，均与答语 "One cup is enough" 不符。
考点
- how much / how many 的选择是中考单选经典考点，判断标准只有一条：名词可数与否；
- "动词 + 副词"短语（cut up, turn on, mix up）接代词时代词居中的规则常在单选和改错中设坑，写作中用 first、next、then、finally 串联祈使句就是满分结构。
诵读 Read Aloud
Let me show you how to make my favorite dish—fried rice with Longjing tea and shrimp. It's a creative dish from my hometown, Hangzhou. Here is the recipe. First, wash a spoon of Longjing tea leaves and put them in hot water for two minutes. Next, cut up two eggs' worth of cooked shrimp—about ten small pieces. Then turn on the stove, pour a little oil into the pan, and add the rice, eggs and shrimp. Mix them up for three minutes. Finally, add the tea leaves and a little salt, and cook for one more minute. Now the fried rice is ready! It smells like spring by the West Lake. How much time do you need? Only ten minutes. Try it this weekend!
诵读小贴士：朗读时在 first、next、then、finally 处稍作停顿，读出"步骤感"；圈出文中的 cut up、turn on、mix them up，注意代词 them 的位置——这就是中考爱考的细节。