情景导入
上课铃响了，老师走进教室说：Stand up!（起立！）Open your books, please.（请打开课本。）Don't talk in class.（上课别讲话。）发现了吗？这些句子都没有主语，直接用动词原形开头。因为说话对象就是"你/你们（you）"，大家心知肚明，所以省略了。这种用来表达命令、请求、建议、禁止的句子，就叫祈使句。它是制定规则、给出指令时最常用的句型。
核心词汇
| 短语 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| stand up / sit down | 起立 / 坐下 | Stand up, please. |
| be quiet | 安静 | Be quiet in the library. |
| turn off | 关掉 | Turn off your phone. |
| be careful | 小心 | Be careful! The floor is wet. |
| don't be late | 别迟到 | Don't be late for school. |
礼貌加分词：please（请，可放句首或句末）、Let's...（咱们……吧）。跟读时注意：祈使句一般用降调，语气坚定；加 please 后语调放缓，显得友好。
句型与语法
① 肯定祈使句：动词原形开头
- Open the window, please. （请打开窗户。）
- Be quiet, please. （请安静。——形容词前要加 be！）
② 否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形（更正式的禁止用 No + 名词/动名词：No smoking! No photos!）
- Don't run in the hallway. （别在走廊里跑。）Don't be afraid. （别害怕。——be 不能丢！）
③ Let's 祈使句：提建议
- Let's play football after school. 回答：Good idea! / OK, let's go. / Sorry, I can't.
表达规则的三件套（写"班规、校规"作文必备）：祈使句 Arrive on time. / 情态动词 You must wear the uniform. / 禁止标语 No talking!
听说训练
我说你做游戏（一人发指令，其他人做动作，做错淘汰）：
- Stand up! / Sit down! / Touch your nose! / Don't move! / Don't laugh!
- 礼貌升级：Close the door. → Close the door, please. → Could you close the door, please?
辨析对比
① Don't + 动词原形 vs No + 名词/动名词
| Don't + 动词原形 | No + 名词/动名词 | |
|---|---|---|
| 用途 | 当面禁止某人做某事（口头、有对象） | 公共场所标语式禁止（书面、面向所有人） |
| 例句 | Don't smoke here. | No smoking. |
② 祈使句 vs 一般现在时陈述句
- Get up early. （祈使句：命令）/ You get up early. （陈述句：描述事实）区别就在有没有主语：祈使句省略 you，动词原形打头。
- 语气缓和小技巧：祈使句后可加 will you / shall we：Close the window, will you? / Let's go, shall we?
文化角
走在英语国家的街头，祈使句式的标语随处可见：Mind the gap.（小心站台空隙——伦敦地铁的著名提示）/ Keep off the grass.（请勿践踏草坪）/ Push 与 Pull（推 / 拉——门上最简洁的祈使句）。注意：英语文化中直接命令显得生硬，日常交流多加 please，或改用 Could you...? 更礼貌。
易错点
- 形容词前漏掉 be：Careful the car! ❌ → Be careful of the car! ✅
- 否定式用错：Not run in class. ❌ → Don't run in class. ✅；Don't talks. ❌ → Don't talk. ✅
- Let's 后接 to do：Let's to go. ❌ → Let's go. ✅
- No 后接动词原形：No smoke! ❌ → No smoking! ✅（No 后接名词或动名词）
中考真题
— ______ late for the meeting next time, or Mr. Li will be angry.
— Sorry, I won't.
A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：B
解析：late 是形容词，形容词进入祈使句必须借助 be，否定式为 Don't be + 形容词。所以"下次别迟到"是 Don't be late for the meeting next time。A 项 Don't 后缺 be，不能直接接形容词；C、D 项结构错误——否定祈使句必须以 Don't 开头。答语 "Sorry, I won't." 也印证这是对"不要做某事"的回应。
考点
- 祈使句是中考单选、情景交际和书面表达的常考点；
- 中考命题点：① 形容词前加 be（Be quiet / Don't be late）② 否定式 Don't + 原形，禁止标语 No + 动名词 ③ Let's 后接动词原形。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 对话：In the Classroom（分角色朗读）
A: Good morning, class! Stand up, please. Sit down. Open your books and turn to page 25. Li Ming, don't look out of the window. Listen carefully.
B: Sorry, Miss Chen.
A: It's OK. Now, let's read the text together. Don't forget your homework, and don't be late tomorrow.
Part 2 · 短文：Library Rules（体会规则表达）
Welcome to our school library! Please follow these rules. Keep quiet, and don't talk loudly. Turn off your phone before you come in. Don't bring any food or drinks. No running, please. Take good care of the books, and don't write on them. Return the books on time. Remember: a quiet library is a happy library. Let's enjoy reading together!
诵读小贴士：朗读 Part 2 时注意祈使句坚定的降调，把每个动词原形重读出来——背熟它，考试写"图书馆规则、班规"作文可以直接套用。