情景导入
打开书包数一数：There is a pencil box in my bag. There are three books and two pens. 想用英语说"某地有某物"，就要用 there be 句型；而说"三本书、两支笔"，名词就得变成复数。汉语里"一本书、三本书"，"书"字不变；英语却要在名词身上做手脚：book → books，box → boxes，man → men……复数怎么变？there be 后面用 is 还是 are？这一课一次讲清。
核心词汇
高频不规则复数名词（必须逐个记牢）：
| 单数 | 复数 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| man / woman / child | men / women / children | 男人 / 女人 / 孩子 |
| foot / tooth | feet / teeth | 脚 / 牙齿 |
| sheep / fish / Chinese | sheep / fish / Chinese | 绵羊 / 鱼 / 中国人（单复同形） |
方位介词短语（there be 句型的好搭档）：on the desk（在桌上）、in the room（在房间里）、under the bed（在床下）、near the school（在学校附近）、behind the door（在门后）
句型与语法
① 名词复数变化规则
| 规则 | 变化方法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | 直接加 -s | book → books，pen → pens |
| 以 s / x / ch / sh 结尾 | 加 -es | box → boxes，watch → watches |
| 辅音字母 + y 结尾 | 变 y 为 i 再加 -es | family → families，city → cities |
| 以 f / fe 结尾 | 变 f/fe 为 v 再加 -es | knife → knives，leaf → leaves |
| 以 o 结尾 | 有生命加 -es，无生命多加 -s | tomato → tomatoes；photo → photos |
② there be 句型：某地有某物（不规则复数没有公式，只能背：man → men，child → children，foot → feet……）
- 基本结构：There is/are + 某物 + 某地 → There is a map on the wall.（单数用 is）/ There are some birds in the tree.（复数用 are）
- 否定句 be 后加 not：There isn't a park near my home. 一般疑问句 be 提前：Is there a library in your school? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
③ 就近原则（重点！）：there be 后有多个并列主语时，be 动词和最近的那个保持一致。口诀：is 还是 are，就看隔壁邻居家。
- There is a book and two pens on the desk.（先遇到 a book，用 is）
- There are two pens and a book on the desk.（先遇到 two pens，用 are）
听说训练
教室观察（用 there be 描述身边环境，注意复数词尾读音：books 读 /s/，pens 读 /z/，boxes 读 /ɪz/）：
- Is there a clock in your classroom? — Yes, there is. It's on the front wall.
- How many students are there in your class? — There are forty-five students.
辨析对比
① there be 与 have 的区别
- there be 表示某地存在某物：There is a computer in the room. 而 have/has 表示某人拥有某物：I have a computer.
- "我们学校有一个图书馆"两种说法都对：There is a library in our school. = Our school has a library. 但不能混成 There has a library. ❌
② some 与 any
- some 用于肯定句：There are some apples on the table.
- any 用于否定句和疑问句：There aren't any apples. / Are there any apples?
文化角
英语故事和童话的开头常用 there be 句型：Once upon a time, there was an old king.（从前，有一位老国王。）这相当于汉语的"从前有座山，山里有座庙"。用 there be 开头讲故事，是英语叙事最经典的方式之一。
易错点
- 就近原则用错：There are a pen and two books on the desk. ❌ → There is a pen and two books on the desk. ✅
- 不规则复数乱加 s：three childs ❌ → three children ✅；two mans ❌ → two men ✅
- there be 与 have 混搭：There have many trees in the park. ❌ → There are many trees in the park. ✅
- 单复同形名词：three sheeps ❌ → three sheep ✅
中考真题
— ______ there a bookshop and two restaurants on Wenhua Road?
— Yes. And there ______ also many small shops there.
A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：C
解析：第一空考查就近原则：并列主语 a bookshop and two restaurants 中，离 be 动词最近的是 a bookshop（单数），所以用 Is，排除 B、D；第二空主语是 many small shops（复数），用 are，排除 A。
考点
- 名词复数与 there be 句型是七年级上学期两大基础考点，中考单选、语法填空常合并命题；
- 三大命题点：① 不规则复数（men, children, feet 等）② there be 的就近原则 ③ some/any 在肯定、否定、疑问句中的选择；
- 写作提醒：My Room、My School 类作文离不开 there be 句型，写完检查每个 is/are 是否与最近的名词匹配。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 对话：In the New Classroom（分角色朗读）
- A: Wow, your classroom is big! How many students are there in your class?
- B: There are forty students — twenty-two boys and eighteen girls.
- A: Is there a computer? Are there any plants?
- B: Yes. There is a computer on the teacher's desk, and there are two plants near the window.
Part 2 · 短文：My New School（体会复数与 there be）
Welcome to my new school! There is a tall teaching building and two playgrounds in it. Behind the building, there are many trees and flowers. Our library is my favorite place. There are thousands of books on the shelves, and there is a quiet reading room, too. At noon, there are always many children in the dining hall. Three women cook delicious food for us. I love my school very much.
诵读小贴士：读 Part 2 时圈出所有复数名词（playgrounds, trees, books, children, women...），判断它们用了哪条变化规则；再找出每个 there is / there are，看看后面跟的是单数还是复数。