情景导入
介绍自己的爱好，你说：I like basketball. 介绍好朋友的爱好，却要说：He likes football. 同一个"喜欢"，为什么他的 like 后面多了个 s？这就是一般现在时最重要的规则——主语是第三人称单数时，动词要变化，简称"三单"。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实，是英语中使用频率最高的时态，而"三单变化"就是它的必考核心。
核心词汇
一般现在时的信号词（看到它们优先考虑一般现在时）：
| 信号词 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| always / usually | 总是 / 通常 | She always gets up early. |
| often / sometimes | 经常 / 有时 | He often plays basketball. |
| every day / on Sundays | 每天 / 在周日 | Tom reads books every day. |
高频三单形式：go → goes，do → does，have → has，watch → watches，study → studies，play → plays
句型与语法
① 什么是"三单"主语：he / she / it / 单个人名（Tom）/ 单数名词（my mother, the dog）。注意：I 和 you 不是三单；Tom and Jack 是两个人，也不是三单。
② 动词三单变化四条规则
| 规则 | 变化方法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | 直接加 -s | play → plays，run → runs |
| 以 s / x / ch / sh / o 结尾 | 加 -es | watch → watches，go → goes |
| 辅音字母 + y 结尾 | 变 y 为 i 再加 -es | study → studies，fly → flies |
| 元音字母 + y 结尾 | 直接加 -s | play → plays，buy → buys |
③ 三种基本句型（特殊：have 的三单是 has，不是 haves）
- 肯定句：主语 + 动词（三单加 s/es）→ She watches TV every evening.
- 否定句：don't / doesn't + 动词原形 → He doesn't like milk.（doesn't 已含三单，动词变回原形！）
- 一般疑问句：Do / Does 提句首 + 动词原形 → Does she play the piano? — Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
- 核心原则：一个句子里"三单标志"只出现一次——用了 does/doesn't，动词就必须还原。
听说训练
日常习惯大调查（用 Does he/she...? 采访同学，注意三单词尾读音：likes 读 /s/，plays 读 /z/，watches 读 /ɪz/）：
- Does your father cook at home? — Yes, he does. He cooks very well.
- What time does your mother get up? — She gets up at six.
辨析对比
① 肯定句加 s，否定/疑问句还原
- 肯定句：He likes English. ✅（He like English. ❌）
- 否定句：He doesn't like English. ✅（He doesn't likes English. ❌）
- 疑问句：Does he like English? ✅（Does he likes English? ❌）
② do 还是 does？看主语
- 主语是 I / you / we / they → 用 do / don't：Do your parents work in Hangzhou?
- 主语是 he / she / it / 单数名词 → 用 does / doesn't：Does your brother work in Hangzhou?
文化角
英语谚语大多用一般现在时，因为它们讲的是"永恒的道理"：Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧。）An apple a day keeps the doctor away.（一天一苹果，医生远离我。）注意这两句的主语都是三单，动词都乖乖加了 s——谚语也逃不过三单规则。
易错点
- 三单漏加 s：She go to school by bike. ❌ → She goes to school by bike. ✅
- doesn't 后又加 s：He doesn't likes apples. ❌ → He doesn't like apples. ✅
- have/has 混用：My sister have a cat. ❌ → My sister has a cat. ✅
- 变化规则用错：study 的三单写成 studys ❌ → studies ✅（辅音字母 + y，变 y 为 i 加 es）
中考真题
— ______ your sister ______ dumplings?
— Yes. She makes them every weekend for our family.
A. Do; make B. Does; makes C. Does; make D. Do; makes
✏️ 点击查看解答
答案：C
解析：主语 your sister（你的姐姐）是第三人称单数，助动词用 Does，排除 A、D；用了 Does 之后，句中动词必须还原为原形 make，排除 B。答语 She makes them every weekend 也印证了三单规则。
考点
- 一般现在时是七年级上学期核心时态，中考单选、语法填空年年考；
- 三大命题点：① 三单变化四条规则（尤其 -y 结尾和 go/watch 类）② does/doesn't 后动词还原 ③ do 与 does 的选择；
- 写作提醒：My Day、My Best Friend 类作文全篇用一般现在时，写"他/她"时每个动词都要过一遍"三单检查"。
诵读 Read Aloud
Part 1 · 对话：Weekend Habits（分角色朗读）
- A: What do you usually do on weekends?
- B: I usually play basketball. What about you?
- A: I often read books at home. Does your brother play with you?
- B: Yes, he does. He practices every day, so he plays much better than me.
Part 2 · 短文：My Best Friend（体会三单变化）
My best friend is Zhang Ming. He lives near my home, so we go to school together every day. He likes English very much and studies it hard. After school, he often plays ping-pong with me. He doesn't like computer games, but he watches football matches on weekends. His mother works in a hospital, so Zhang Ming sometimes cooks dinner for his family. Everyone says he is a good boy.
诵读小贴士：读 Part 2 时圈出每个三单动词（lives, likes, studies, plays, watches...），想一想它用了四条变化规则中的哪一条——圈完一遍，规则就全复习了。